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Latvia vs Russia

Crypto regulation comparison

← Back to map | Latvia | Russia
Latvia

Latvia

Russia

Russia

Legal
Partially Regulated

Cryptocurrency is legal in Latvia and regulated under the EU MiCA framework. Since 2023, the financial regulator FKTK merged into Latvijas Banka, which now oversees VASP registration and AML compliance. Capital gains from crypto are taxed at 20%. Latvia has been proactive in implementing EU-wide crypto standards.

Russia's crypto regulation is complex and evolving. The 2021 'On Digital Financial Assets' law recognizes crypto as property but bans its use as a means of payment. Mining was legalized and regulated in 2024 under a new mining law. Crypto is taxed as income at 13-15%. The CBR pushed for a total ban on crypto trading but was overruled by the government, which favors regulation. International sanctions have complicated Russia's crypto landscape.

Tax Type Capital gains
Tax Type Income
Tax Rate 20%
Tax Rate 13-15%
Exchanges Yes Yes
Exchanges No No
Mining Yes Yes
Mining Yes Yes
Regulator FKTK (Finanšu un kapitāla tirgus komisija) / Latvijas Banka
Regulator CBR (Central Bank of Russia), Ministry of Finance
Stablecoin Rules Regulated under EU MiCA framework
Stablecoin Rules Crypto payments banned; digital ruble CBDC introduced
Key Points
  • VASPs must register with Latvijas Banka and comply with AML/CFT requirements
  • Capital gains from crypto taxed at 20% personal income tax rate
  • MiCA framework applies from December 2024, transitioning existing registrations
  • Latvia transposed the 5th Anti-Money Laundering Directive for crypto oversight
  • Latvijas Banka absorbed FKTK regulatory functions in January 2023
Key Points
  • Digital Financial Assets law (2021) recognizes crypto as property but bans use as payment
  • Crypto mining officially legalized and regulated under 2024 mining legislation
  • Crypto income taxed at 13% (up to RUB 5M) or 15% (above RUB 5M)
  • Domestic crypto exchanges not legally operating; P2P trading widespread. CBR framework Dec 2025 targeting July 2026.
  • International sanctions have increased interest in crypto for cross-border transfers
Sources
Sources