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Kazakhstan vs Uzbekistan

Crypto regulation comparison

← Back to map | Kazakhstan | Uzbekistan
Kazakhstan

Kazakhstan

Uzbekistan

Uzbekistan

Legal
Legal

Kazakhstan has a dual approach to crypto regulation. The Astana International Financial Centre (AIFC) operates as a regulated sandbox where licensed crypto exchanges can operate under AFSA supervision. Outside the AIFC, crypto regulation is more restrictive. Kazakhstan became a major mining hub after China's ban but has since tightened mining regulations.

Uzbekistan has actively regulated crypto since 2018, when it established the NAPM (initially NAPCI) to oversee virtual assets. Licensed crypto exchanges operate in a regulatory sandbox. Individual crypto trading profits are exempt from tax. Uzbekistan has also established a state-backed mining pool and licensing regime for miners, leveraging its energy resources.

Tax Type Capital gains
Tax Type None
Tax Rate 10%
Tax Rate 0%
Exchanges Yes Yes
Exchanges Yes Yes
Mining Yes Yes
Mining Yes Yes
Regulator AFSA (Astana Financial Services Authority), NBK (National Bank of Kazakhstan)
Regulator NAPM (National Agency for Prospective Projects)
Stablecoin Rules AIFC (Astana International Financial Centre) has its own framework for digital assets including stablecoins
Stablecoin Rules Regulated under NAPM virtual asset framework
Key Points
  • AIFC provides a regulatory sandbox for licensed crypto exchanges and businesses
  • Mining is legal and licensed, with a specific tax on electricity consumption for miners
  • Kazakhstan became the world's second-largest Bitcoin mining country after China's 2021 ban
  • 2022 mining crackdown introduced stricter licensing and energy consumption taxes
  • Outside AIFC, domestic crypto payments and exchanges face greater restrictions
Key Points
  • NAPM oversees virtual asset regulation and licensing
  • Licensed exchanges operate under regulatory framework since 2018
  • Individual crypto trading exempt from income tax
  • State-backed mining pool and licensing for crypto miners
  • Only licensed platforms can offer crypto services; unlicensed platforms blocked
Sources
Sources