Kazakhstan vs Myanmar
Crypto regulation comparison
Kazakhstan
Myanmar
Legal
Banned
Kazakhstan has a dual approach to crypto regulation. The Astana International Financial Centre (AIFC) operates as a regulated sandbox where licensed crypto exchanges can operate under AFSA supervision. Outside the AIFC, crypto regulation is more restrictive. Kazakhstan became a major mining hub after China's ban but has since tightened mining regulations.
Myanmar's Central Bank issued Notification No. 9/2020 prohibiting the sale, purchase, and exchange of unregulated digital currencies. Violations are prosecuted under the Anti-Money Laundering Law and Financial Institutions Law with penalties including imprisonment and fines. Despite the ban, underground stablecoin usage persists, particularly USDT.
Tax Type
Capital gains
Tax Type
None
Tax Rate
10%
Tax Rate
N/A
Exchanges
Yes
Exchanges
No
Mining
Yes
Mining
No
Regulator
AFSA (Astana Financial Services Authority), NBK (National Bank of Kazakhstan)
Regulator
Central Bank of Myanmar
Stablecoin Rules
AIFC (Astana International Financial Centre) has its own framework for digital assets including stablecoins
Stablecoin Rules
No stablecoin regulation
Key Points
- AIFC provides a regulatory sandbox for licensed crypto exchanges and businesses
- Mining is legal and licensed, with a specific tax on electricity consumption for miners
- Kazakhstan became the world's second-largest Bitcoin mining country after China's 2021 ban
- 2022 mining crackdown introduced stricter licensing and energy consumption taxes
- Outside AIFC, domestic crypto payments and exchanges face greater restrictions
Key Points
- CBM Notification No. 9/2020 prohibits sale, purchase, and exchange of digital currencies
- Violations prosecuted under Anti-Money Laundering Law and Financial Institutions Law
- Financial institutions banned from dealing in digital currencies
- CBM is exploring a central bank digital currency (digital kyat)
- Underground stablecoin (USDT) usage persists despite ban