Estonia vs Marshall Islands

Crypto regulation comparison

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Estonia

Estonia

Marshall Islands

Marshall Islands

Legal
Legal

Estonia was an early mover in crypto regulation, offering licenses since 2017. However, a 2022 overhaul significantly tightened requirements, revoking hundreds of licenses and imposing stricter capital and compliance standards. Crypto gains are taxed at 20% (rising to 22% from 2025).

The Marshall Islands passed the Sovereign Currency Act in 2018 to create the SOV, a blockchain-based national digital currency. No income or capital gains tax.

Tax Type Capital gains
Tax Type No tax
Tax Rate 20-22%
Tax Rate 0%
Exchanges Yes Yes
Exchanges Yes Yes
Mining Yes Yes
Mining Yes Yes
Regulator Finantsinspektsioon (EFSA), Rahapesu Andmebüroo (FIU)
Regulator Banking Commission of the Marshall Islands
Stablecoin Rules Regulated under EU MiCA framework
Stablecoin Rules No specific stablecoin regulation
Key Points
  • Estonia issued crypto licenses since 2017 but drastically tightened rules in 2022
  • Hundreds of crypto licenses were revoked in 2020-2022 due to AML concerns
  • New requirements include higher share capital (€100,000-€250,000) and local management
  • Crypto gains taxed at 20% personal income tax (22% from 2025)
  • MiCA framework applicable from December 2024
Key Points
  • Sovereign Currency Act (2018) created SOV digital currency
  • No income or capital gains tax
  • Has been a popular jurisdiction for DAO registration
  • Banking Commission provides oversight
  • Limited domestic crypto adoption
Sources
Sources