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Belarus vs Kazakhstan

Crypto regulation comparison

← Back to map | Belarus | Kazakhstan
Belarus

Belarus

Kazakhstan

Kazakhstan

Legal
Legal

Belarus legalized cryptocurrency through Decree No. 8 (2017), creating a favorable environment in the Hi-Tech Park special economic zone. As of 2025, crypto transactions via HTP residents remain tax-exempt, while transactions on foreign platforms are taxed at 13%. A crypto bank framework was introduced in 2026.

Kazakhstan has a dual approach to crypto regulation. The Astana International Financial Centre (AIFC) operates as a regulated sandbox where licensed crypto exchanges can operate under AFSA supervision. Outside the AIFC, crypto regulation is more restrictive. Kazakhstan became a major mining hub after China's ban but has since tightened mining regulations.

Tax Type Varies
Tax Type Capital gains
Tax Rate 0% (HTP) / 13% (foreign platforms)
Tax Rate 10%
Exchanges Yes Yes
Exchanges Yes Yes
Mining Yes Yes
Mining Yes Yes
Regulator Hi-Tech Park (HTP), National Bank of the Republic of Belarus
Regulator AFSA (Astana Financial Services Authority), NBK (National Bank of Kazakhstan)
Stablecoin Rules No specific stablecoin regulation
Stablecoin Rules AIFC (Astana International Financial Centre) has its own framework for digital assets including stablecoins
Key Points
  • Decree No. 8 'On the Development of the Digital Economy' legalized crypto in 2017
  • Income from crypto via HTP residents and mining remains tax-exempt; 13% tax on foreign platform transactions since 2025
  • Crypto exchanges and businesses must operate through Hi-Tech Park residency
  • Mining is legal and considered a business activity
  • HTP preferential regime extended until 2049; crypto bank framework introduced in 2026
Key Points
  • AIFC provides a regulatory sandbox for licensed crypto exchanges and businesses
  • Mining is legal and licensed, with a specific tax on electricity consumption for miners
  • Kazakhstan became the world's second-largest Bitcoin mining country after China's 2021 ban
  • 2022 mining crackdown introduced stricter licensing and energy consumption taxes
  • Outside AIFC, domestic crypto payments and exchanges face greater restrictions
Sources
Sources