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Bulgaria vs Russia

Crypto regulation comparison

← Back to map | Bulgaria | Russia
Bulgaria

Bulgaria

Russia

Russia

Legal
Partially Regulated

Cryptocurrency is legal in Bulgaria and subject to a flat 10% tax on capital gains, one of the lowest in the EU. Bulgaria adopted the EU's MiCA framework and requires crypto service providers to register. The country has a notable history with crypto due to a large government Bitcoin seizure in 2017.

Russia's crypto regulation is complex and evolving. The 2021 'On Digital Financial Assets' law recognizes crypto as property but bans its use as a means of payment. Mining was legalized and regulated in 2024 under a new mining law. Crypto is taxed as income at 13-15%. The CBR pushed for a total ban on crypto trading but was overruled by the government, which favors regulation. International sanctions have complicated Russia's crypto landscape.

Tax Type Capital gains
Tax Type Income
Tax Rate 10%
Tax Rate 13-15%
Exchanges Yes Yes
Exchanges No No
Mining Yes Yes
Mining Yes Yes
Regulator NRA (National Revenue Agency), FSC (Financial Supervision Commission)
Regulator CBR (Central Bank of Russia), Ministry of Finance
Stablecoin Rules Regulated under EU MiCA framework
Stablecoin Rules Crypto payments banned; digital ruble CBDC introduced
Key Points
  • Flat 10% personal income tax rate applies to crypto capital gains
  • VASPs must register with the NRA for AML compliance
  • MiCA framework applicable from December 2024
  • Bulgaria reportedly seized approximately 200,000 BTC in a 2017 crime bust (status debated)
  • No specific crypto legislation beyond EU directives and general tax law
Key Points
  • Digital Financial Assets law (2021) recognizes crypto as property but bans use as payment
  • Crypto mining officially legalized and regulated under 2024 mining legislation
  • Crypto income taxed at 13% (up to RUB 5M) or 15% (above RUB 5M)
  • Domestic crypto exchanges not legally operating; P2P trading widespread. CBR framework Dec 2025 targeting July 2026.
  • International sanctions have increased interest in crypto for cross-border transfers
Sources
Sources