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Rwanda vs United States

Crypto regulation comparison

← Back to map | Rwanda | United States
Rwanda

Rwanda

United States

United States

Restricted
Legal

Rwanda is developing a comprehensive crypto regulatory framework. The NBR and Capital Markets Authority are drafting a law requiring VASPs to obtain CMA licenses. The draft law prohibits crypto as legal tender, bans mining and crypto ATMs, and imposes fines up to 30M RWF and imprisonment for unlicensed operators.

The United States has the world's most complex crypto regulatory landscape, with overlapping federal and state jurisdictions. The SEC regulates crypto securities and has pursued enforcement actions against exchanges and token issuers. The CFTC oversees crypto derivatives and considers Bitcoin a commodity. FinCEN applies BSA requirements to crypto exchanges as money service businesses. The IRS taxes crypto as property: short-term gains at income tax rates (10-37%), long-term gains at 0-20%. New 1099-DA broker reporting rules take effect from 2025. Multiple states have their own requirements, with New York's BitLicense being the most stringent.

Tax Type None
Tax Type Capital gains
Tax Rate N/A
Tax Rate 0-37%
Exchanges No No
Exchanges Yes Yes
Mining No No
Mining Yes Yes
Regulator National Bank of Rwanda (NBR), Capital Markets Authority (CMA)
Regulator SEC, CFTC, FinCEN, OCC, IRS, State regulators
Stablecoin Rules Draft law prohibits crypto as payment; mining and crypto ATMs banned
Stablecoin Rules Stablecoin legislation actively being developed in Congress; existing oversight by SEC, CFTC, state regulators
Key Points
  • Draft law requires VASPs to obtain licenses from Capital Markets Authority
  • Crypto prohibited as legal tender or payment method under draft law
  • Crypto mining, crypto ATMs, and mixer/tumbler services banned
  • Penalties include fines up to 30M RWF and up to 5 years imprisonment
  • Framework driven by FATF compliance on AML requirements
Key Points
  • SEC regulates crypto as securities under Howey test; major enforcement actions (Ripple, Coinbase, Binance)
  • CFTC classifies Bitcoin and Ether as commodities; oversees derivatives markets
  • IRS treats crypto as property: short-term gains taxed at 10-37%, long-term (1yr+) at 0-20%
  • FinCEN requires exchanges to register as MSBs and comply with BSA/AML requirements
  • 1099-DA broker reporting for centralized exchanges effective from tax year 2025
Sources
Sources