Portugal vs Kosovo
Crypto regulation comparison
Portugal
Kosovo
Legal
Legal
Portugal was formerly a crypto tax haven with 0% capital gains tax on crypto for individuals, but the 2023 State Budget introduced a 28% capital gains tax on crypto held for less than one year. Crypto held for over 365 days remains tax-free for individuals. Banco de Portugal registers VASPs for AML compliance, and Portugal transitions to MiCA. Portugal attracted many crypto entrepreneurs due to its previously favorable tax regime and NHR (Non-Habitual Resident) program.
Kosovo banned crypto mining in 2022 due to energy crisis but crypto trading remains legal. The Central Bank has warned about crypto risks.
Tax Type
Capital gains
Tax Type
Income
Tax Rate
28%
Tax Rate
0-10%
Exchanges
Yes
Exchanges
Yes
Mining
Yes
Mining
No
Regulator
Banco de Portugal, CMVM (Securities Market Commission)
Regulator
Central Bank of Kosovo
Stablecoin Rules
Regulated under EU MiCA framework
Stablecoin Rules
No specific stablecoin regulation
Key Points
- 28% capital gains tax on crypto sold within 365 days (introduced in 2023 budget)
- Crypto held for more than 365 days is exempt from capital gains tax for individuals
- Banco de Portugal oversees VASP registration for AML/CFT compliance
- CMVM regulates crypto where classified as securities
- Former 0% tax regime attracted crypto entrepreneurs; NHR tax regime phased out in 2024
Key Points
- Crypto mining banned in 2022 due to energy crisis
- Crypto trading and holding remain legal
- Central Bank has warned about crypto risks
- Income from crypto subject to taxation
- Growing crypto adoption despite mining ban