Netherlands vs Yemen
Crypto regulation comparison
Netherlands
Yemen
Legal
Restricted
The Netherlands has one of Europe's strictest crypto regulatory regimes. DNB has overseen VASP registration since 2020 under the Dutch AML/CFT Act (Wwft), and many applications have been rejected. The Netherlands does not tax realized capital gains directly; instead, crypto holdings are taxed under the Box 3 wealth tax based on a deemed return on net assets. The AFM oversees market conduct. MiCA is now the governing framework.
Yemen has a restrictive environment for cryptocurrency due to ongoing conflict and fragmented governance. The Central Bank has warned against crypto use. International sanctions further restrict access.
Tax Type
Wealth
Tax Type
None
Tax Rate
~1.2-1.6% (deemed return)
Tax Rate
N/A
Exchanges
Yes
Exchanges
No
Mining
Yes
Mining
No
Regulator
DNB (De Nederlandsche Bank), AFM (Autoriteit Financiële Markten)
Regulator
Central Bank of Yemen
Stablecoin Rules
Regulated under EU MiCA framework; DNB oversight
Stablecoin Rules
No stablecoin regulation
Key Points
- DNB requires VASP registration under the Wwft (AML Act); rigorous approval process
- Only a limited number of VASPs have obtained DNB registration (many rejected or withdrawn)
- Crypto taxed under Box 3 wealth tax: deemed return on net assets taxed at ~31-36% (effective ~1.2-1.6%)
- AFM regulates crypto advertising and market conduct; banned crypto ads targeting retail in 2022
- MiCA framework applicable from December 2024, transitioning from national DNB regime
Key Points
- Central Bank has warned against cryptocurrency use
- Ongoing conflict limits regulatory development
- International sanctions restrict access to crypto platforms
- No specific cryptocurrency legislation
- Very limited crypto infrastructure