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North Macedonia vs Portugal

Crypto regulation comparison

← Back to map | North Macedonia | Portugal
North Macedonia

North Macedonia

Portugal

Portugal

Legal
Legal

North Macedonia has no dedicated cryptocurrency legislation. Crypto is not prohibited and operates in a regulatory gray area. The general flat 10% income tax rate may apply to crypto profits. The government is working toward EU MiCA alignment and plans to license crypto exchanges by 2025-2026.

Portugal was formerly a crypto tax haven with 0% capital gains tax on crypto for individuals, but the 2023 State Budget introduced a 28% capital gains tax on crypto held for less than one year. Crypto held for over 365 days remains tax-free for individuals. Banco de Portugal registers VASPs for AML compliance, and Portugal transitions to MiCA. Portugal attracted many crypto entrepreneurs due to its previously favorable tax regime and NHR (Non-Habitual Resident) program.

Tax Type Income
Tax Type Capital gains
Tax Rate 10%
Tax Rate 28%
Exchanges Yes Yes
Exchanges Yes Yes
Mining Yes Yes
Mining Yes Yes
Regulator National Bank of the Republic of North Macedonia
Regulator Banco de Portugal, CMVM (Securities Market Commission)
Stablecoin Rules No specific stablecoin regulation
Stablecoin Rules Regulated under EU MiCA framework
Key Points
  • No dedicated cryptocurrency legislation
  • Central bank has acknowledged crypto without banning it
  • General flat 10% personal income tax rate may apply to crypto profits
  • Government working toward licensing crypto exchanges by 2025-2026
  • Working toward EU candidacy and alignment with MiCA regulation
Key Points
  • 28% capital gains tax on crypto sold within 365 days (introduced in 2023 budget)
  • Crypto held for more than 365 days is exempt from capital gains tax for individuals
  • Banco de Portugal oversees VASP registration for AML/CFT compliance
  • CMVM regulates crypto where classified as securities
  • Former 0% tax regime attracted crypto entrepreneurs; NHR tax regime phased out in 2024
Sources
Sources