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Kazakhstan vs Pakistan

Crypto regulation comparison

← Back to map | Kazakhstan | Pakistan
Kazakhstan

Kazakhstan

Pakistan

Pakistan

Legal
Restricted

Kazakhstan has a dual approach to crypto regulation. The Astana International Financial Centre (AIFC) operates as a regulated sandbox where licensed crypto exchanges can operate under AFSA supervision. Outside the AIFC, crypto regulation is more restrictive. Kazakhstan became a major mining hub after China's ban but has since tightened mining regulations.

Pakistan has a hostile regulatory environment for cryptocurrency. The State Bank of Pakistan has prohibited financial institutions from facilitating crypto transactions, and the government has considered outright bans. Despite this, Pakistan has high informal crypto adoption, ranking among the top countries for P2P crypto volume. The SECP has explored blockchain regulation but no licensing framework exists for exchanges.

Tax Type Capital gains
Tax Type None
Tax Rate 10%
Tax Rate N/A
Exchanges Yes Yes
Exchanges No No
Mining Yes Yes
Mining Yes Yes
Regulator AFSA (Astana Financial Services Authority), NBK (National Bank of Kazakhstan)
Regulator SBP (State Bank of Pakistan), SECP
Stablecoin Rules AIFC (Astana International Financial Centre) has its own framework for digital assets including stablecoins
Stablecoin Rules No regulation; SBP has not authorized any crypto activities
Key Points
  • AIFC provides a regulatory sandbox for licensed crypto exchanges and businesses
  • Mining is legal and licensed, with a specific tax on electricity consumption for miners
  • Kazakhstan became the world's second-largest Bitcoin mining country after China's 2021 ban
  • 2022 mining crackdown introduced stricter licensing and energy consumption taxes
  • Outside AIFC, domestic crypto payments and exchanges face greater restrictions
Key Points
  • SBP prohibits banks and financial institutions from processing crypto transactions
  • No licensing framework for crypto exchanges; operating informally is risky
  • High P2P crypto adoption despite regulatory hostility
  • Government has considered formal banning legislation multiple times
  • SECP has explored digital asset regulation but no framework enacted
Sources
Sources