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Japan vs Zimbabwe

Crypto regulation comparison

← Back to map | Japan | Zimbabwe
Japan

Japan

Zimbabwe

Zimbabwe

Legal
Restricted

Japan is one of the world's most comprehensively regulated crypto markets. The Payment Services Act and Financial Instruments and Exchange Act govern crypto exchanges and tokens. Japan classifies crypto as "crypto-assets" and taxes gains as miscellaneous income at rates up to 55%, though reforms to lower this rate are under active discussion.

Zimbabwe has restricted cryptocurrency through its central bank. The RBZ banned financial institutions from processing crypto transactions in 2018. However, in a unique move, the RBZ issued gold-backed digital tokens (ZiG tokens) in 2023 as a store of value. Zimbabwe has a history of currency instability (hyperinflation, currency collapses) which drives informal crypto adoption for hedging and remittances.

Tax Type Income
Tax Type None
Tax Rate 15-55%
Tax Rate N/A
Exchanges Yes Yes
Exchanges No No
Mining Yes Yes
Mining Yes Yes
Regulator FSA (Financial Services Agency), JVCEA
Regulator RBZ (Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe)
Stablecoin Rules 2022 stablecoin law requires issuers to be licensed banks, trust companies, or fund transfer agents
Stablecoin Rules No private stablecoin regulation; RBZ introduced gold-backed ZiG digital token as state currency
Key Points
  • Crypto exchanges must register with the FSA under the Payment Services Act
  • Crypto gains taxed as miscellaneous income at up to 55% (national + local tax)
  • Japan's self-regulatory body JVCEA sets industry standards for exchanges
  • 2022 stablecoin legislation (revised Payment Services Act) regulates stablecoin issuance
  • Government considering tax reform to apply a flat 20% separate taxation on crypto gains
Key Points
  • RBZ banned banks and financial institutions from servicing crypto in 2018
  • RBZ issued gold-backed digital tokens (ZiG) in 2023 as a CBDC-like instrument
  • No licensing framework for crypto exchanges
  • Informal crypto adoption driven by currency instability and remittance needs
  • Crypto ownership itself is not explicitly criminalized for individuals
Sources
Sources