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Japan vs Slovakia

Crypto regulation comparison

← Back to map | Japan | Slovakia
Japan

Japan

Slovakia

Slovakia

Legal
Legal

Japan is one of the world's most comprehensively regulated crypto markets. The Payment Services Act and Financial Instruments and Exchange Act govern crypto exchanges and tokens. Japan classifies crypto as "crypto-assets" and taxes gains as miscellaneous income at rates up to 55%, though reforms to lower this rate are under active discussion.

Cryptocurrency is legal in Slovakia and regulated under EU MiCA framework since December 2024. A 7% reduced tax rate for long-term holdings was passed in 2023 but repealed by the consolidation package before taking effect. Crypto gains are taxed at standard income tax rates of 19-25%. VASPs must be authorized by NBS under MiCA.

Tax Type Income
Tax Type Capital gains
Tax Rate 15-55%
Tax Rate 19-25%
Exchanges Yes Yes
Exchanges Yes Yes
Mining Yes Yes
Mining Yes Yes
Regulator FSA (Financial Services Agency), JVCEA
Regulator NBS (Národná banka Slovenska)
Stablecoin Rules 2022 stablecoin law requires issuers to be licensed banks, trust companies, or fund transfer agents
Stablecoin Rules Regulated under EU MiCA framework
Key Points
  • Crypto exchanges must register with the FSA under the Payment Services Act
  • Crypto gains taxed as miscellaneous income at up to 55% (national + local tax)
  • Japan's self-regulatory body JVCEA sets industry standards for exchanges
  • 2022 stablecoin legislation (revised Payment Services Act) regulates stablecoin issuance
  • Government considering tax reform to apply a flat 20% separate taxation on crypto gains
Key Points
  • 7% tax rate for long-term holdings was passed in 2023 but repealed before taking effect
  • Crypto gains taxed at 19% (income up to €47,537) or 25% (above threshold)
  • VASPs must register with NBS for AML/CFT compliance
  • MiCA framework applicable since 30 December 2024; NBS grants authorizations
  • MiCA framework applicable from December 2024
Sources
Sources