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Indonesia vs Rwanda

Crypto regulation comparison

← Back to map | Indonesia | Rwanda
Indonesia

Indonesia

Rwanda

Rwanda

Legal
Restricted

Cryptocurrency is legal in Indonesia and classified as a commodity (not currency). Bappebti regulated crypto since 2019, but authority transitioned to OJK (Financial Services Authority) in January 2025. Under PMK 50/2025 (effective August 2025), crypto transactions incur a 0.21% final income tax via domestic exchanges (1% via foreign platforms). VAT on crypto transfers was abolished as crypto was reclassified as digital financial assets.

Rwanda is developing a comprehensive crypto regulatory framework. The NBR and Capital Markets Authority are drafting a law requiring VASPs to obtain CMA licenses. The draft law prohibits crypto as legal tender, bans mining and crypto ATMs, and imposes fines up to 30M RWF and imprisonment for unlicensed operators.

Tax Type Varies
Tax Type None
Tax Rate 0.21% (domestic exchange) / 1% (foreign platform)
Tax Rate N/A
Exchanges Yes Yes
Exchanges No No
Mining Yes Yes
Mining No No
Regulator OJK (Otoritas Jasa Keuangan) since January 2025
Regulator National Bank of Rwanda (NBR), Capital Markets Authority (CMA)
Stablecoin Rules Crypto traded as commodities; stablecoin-specific rules under development with OJK transition
Stablecoin Rules Draft law prohibits crypto as payment; mining and crypto ATMs banned
Key Points
  • Crypto regulated by OJK since January 2025, transitioned from Bappebti
  • 0.21% final income tax on (PPh Art. 22) crypto transaction value for sales per PMK 50/2025
  • VAT abolished under PMK 50/2025; reclassified as digital financial assets
  • Only crypto assets approved and listed by Bappebti can be traded on licensed exchanges
  • Indonesia launched a national crypto exchange (Bursa Kripto Indonesia) in 2023
Key Points
  • Draft law requires VASPs to obtain licenses from Capital Markets Authority
  • Crypto prohibited as legal tender or payment method under draft law
  • Crypto mining, crypto ATMs, and mixer/tumbler services banned
  • Penalties include fines up to 30M RWF and up to 5 years imprisonment
  • Framework driven by FATF compliance on AML requirements
Sources
Sources