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Indonesia vs Kazakhstan

Crypto regulation comparison

← Back to map | Indonesia | Kazakhstan
Indonesia

Indonesia

Kazakhstan

Kazakhstan

Legal
Legal

Cryptocurrency is legal in Indonesia and classified as a commodity (not currency). Bappebti regulated crypto since 2019, but authority transitioned to OJK (Financial Services Authority) in January 2025. Under PMK 50/2025 (effective August 2025), crypto transactions incur a 0.21% final income tax via domestic exchanges (1% via foreign platforms). VAT on crypto transfers was abolished as crypto was reclassified as digital financial assets.

Kazakhstan has a dual approach to crypto regulation. The Astana International Financial Centre (AIFC) operates as a regulated sandbox where licensed crypto exchanges can operate under AFSA supervision. Outside the AIFC, crypto regulation is more restrictive. Kazakhstan became a major mining hub after China's ban but has since tightened mining regulations.

Tax Type Varies
Tax Type Capital gains
Tax Rate 0.21% (domestic exchange) / 1% (foreign platform)
Tax Rate 10%
Exchanges Yes Yes
Exchanges Yes Yes
Mining Yes Yes
Mining Yes Yes
Regulator OJK (Otoritas Jasa Keuangan) since January 2025
Regulator AFSA (Astana Financial Services Authority), NBK (National Bank of Kazakhstan)
Stablecoin Rules Crypto traded as commodities; stablecoin-specific rules under development with OJK transition
Stablecoin Rules AIFC (Astana International Financial Centre) has its own framework for digital assets including stablecoins
Key Points
  • Crypto regulated by OJK since January 2025, transitioned from Bappebti
  • 0.21% final income tax on (PPh Art. 22) crypto transaction value for sales per PMK 50/2025
  • VAT abolished under PMK 50/2025; reclassified as digital financial assets
  • Only crypto assets approved and listed by Bappebti can be traded on licensed exchanges
  • Indonesia launched a national crypto exchange (Bursa Kripto Indonesia) in 2023
Key Points
  • AIFC provides a regulatory sandbox for licensed crypto exchanges and businesses
  • Mining is legal and licensed, with a specific tax on electricity consumption for miners
  • Kazakhstan became the world's second-largest Bitcoin mining country after China's 2021 ban
  • 2022 mining crackdown introduced stricter licensing and energy consumption taxes
  • Outside AIFC, domestic crypto payments and exchanges face greater restrictions
Sources
Sources