Hungary vs Kazakhstan
Crypto regulation comparison
Hungary
Kazakhstan
Legal
Legal
Cryptocurrency is legal in Hungary and subject to a 15% personal income tax on gains. Hungary follows EU regulatory frameworks including MiCA. The MNB supervises crypto service providers, and the country has a growing blockchain and crypto ecosystem.
Kazakhstan has a dual approach to crypto regulation. The Astana International Financial Centre (AIFC) operates as a regulated sandbox where licensed crypto exchanges can operate under AFSA supervision. Outside the AIFC, crypto regulation is more restrictive. Kazakhstan became a major mining hub after China's ban but has since tightened mining regulations.
Tax Type
Capital gains
Tax Type
Capital gains
Tax Rate
15%
Tax Rate
10%
Exchanges
Yes
Exchanges
Yes
Mining
Yes
Mining
Yes
Regulator
MNB (Magyar Nemzeti Bank)
Regulator
AFSA (Astana Financial Services Authority), NBK (National Bank of Kazakhstan)
Stablecoin Rules
Regulated under EU MiCA framework
Stablecoin Rules
AIFC (Astana International Financial Centre) has its own framework for digital assets including stablecoins
Key Points
- 15% personal income tax on crypto gains
- Additional social contribution tax may apply to certain crypto income
- MNB supervises VASPs for AML/KYC compliance
- MiCA framework applicable from December 2024
- Hungary's tax rate on crypto is competitive within the EU
Key Points
- AIFC provides a regulatory sandbox for licensed crypto exchanges and businesses
- Mining is legal and licensed, with a specific tax on electricity consumption for miners
- Kazakhstan became the world's second-largest Bitcoin mining country after China's 2021 ban
- 2022 mining crackdown introduced stricter licensing and energy consumption taxes
- Outside AIFC, domestic crypto payments and exchanges face greater restrictions