France vs Venezuela
Crypto regulation comparison
France
Venezuela
Legal
Legal
France has one of Europe's most developed crypto regulatory frameworks. The PACTE law (2019) established the PSAN (prestataire de services sur actifs numériques) registration regime, now transitioning to MiCA licensing. Crypto gains are subject to the 30% flat tax (prélèvement forfaitaire unique).
Venezuela has a unique crypto history. The government launched the Petro (PTR) state cryptocurrency in 2018, backed by oil reserves, though it was widely considered a failure and discontinued. SUNACRIP regulates crypto activities and has licensed mining operations. Venezuelans have high crypto adoption due to hyperinflation, with USDT widely used as a de facto currency. Crypto mining requires a SUNACRIP license.
Tax Type
Capital gains
Tax Type
Income
Tax Rate
30%
Tax Rate
Up to 34%
Exchanges
Yes
Exchanges
Yes
Mining
Yes
Mining
Yes
Regulator
AMF (Autorité des Marchés Financiers), ACPR
Regulator
SUNACRIP (Superintendencia Nacional de Criptoactivos)
Stablecoin Rules
Regulated under MiCA; stablecoin issuers need e-money or credit institution license
Stablecoin Rules
Government launched Petro (PTR) state crypto (discontinued); SUNACRIP regulated stablecoins
Key Points
- 30% flat tax on crypto capital gains (12.8% income tax + 17.2% social charges) for non-professionals
- PSAN registration required by AMF for all crypto service providers (mandatory since 2023)
- Transitioning from PSAN regime to MiCA licensing framework in 2024-2025
- Professional crypto traders may opt for progressive income tax rates
- France is home to major crypto companies including Ledger and Société Générale's FORGE
Key Points
- SUNACRIP regulates crypto exchanges, mining, and service providers
- Government-backed Petro cryptocurrency launched in 2018, largely discontinued
- Crypto mining requires SUNACRIP license and registration
- Very high crypto adoption driven by hyperinflation; USDT widely used
- Income from crypto subject to progressive tax rates up to 34%