Eritrea vs Kazakhstan
Crypto regulation comparison
Eritrea
Kazakhstan
Restricted
Legal
Eritrea has a highly restrictive financial environment. The government tightly controls the economy and financial system. No crypto activities are formally permitted.
Kazakhstan has a dual approach to crypto regulation. The Astana International Financial Centre (AIFC) operates as a regulated sandbox where licensed crypto exchanges can operate under AFSA supervision. Outside the AIFC, crypto regulation is more restrictive. Kazakhstan became a major mining hub after China's ban but has since tightened mining regulations.
Tax Type
None
Tax Type
Capital gains
Tax Rate
N/A
Tax Rate
10%
Exchanges
No
Exchanges
Yes
Mining
No
Mining
Yes
Regulator
Bank of Eritrea
Regulator
AFSA (Astana Financial Services Authority), NBK (National Bank of Kazakhstan)
Stablecoin Rules
No stablecoin regulation
Stablecoin Rules
AIFC (Astana International Financial Centre) has its own framework for digital assets including stablecoins
Key Points
- Highly restrictive financial environment
- Government tightly controls the economy
- No specific cryptocurrency legislation
- Very limited internet access
- No formal crypto services or exchanges
Key Points
- AIFC provides a regulatory sandbox for licensed crypto exchanges and businesses
- Mining is legal and licensed, with a specific tax on electricity consumption for miners
- Kazakhstan became the world's second-largest Bitcoin mining country after China's 2021 ban
- 2022 mining crackdown introduced stricter licensing and energy consumption taxes
- Outside AIFC, domestic crypto payments and exchanges face greater restrictions