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Estonia vs Turkey

Crypto regulation comparison

← Back to map | Estonia | Turkey
Estonia

Estonia

Turkey

Turkey

Legal
Legal

Estonia was an early mover in crypto regulation, offering licenses since 2017. However, a 2022 overhaul significantly tightened requirements, revoking hundreds of licenses and imposing stricter capital and compliance standards. Crypto gains are taxed at 20% (rising to 22% from 2025).

Turkey has one of the highest crypto adoption rates globally, driven by lira depreciation and high inflation. While crypto ownership is legal, the CBRT banned crypto payments in April 2021. In 2024, Turkey passed comprehensive crypto legislation under the Capital Markets Law amendment, giving the CMB authority to license and regulate crypto asset service providers. No crypto-specific tax exists yet, though legislation is under consideration. MASAK (Financial Crimes Investigation Board) oversees AML compliance.

Tax Type Capital gains
Tax Type None
Tax Rate 20-22%
Tax Rate 0% (legislation pending)
Exchanges Yes Yes
Exchanges Yes Yes
Mining Yes Yes
Mining Yes Yes
Regulator Finantsinspektsioon (EFSA), Rahapesu Andmebüroo (FIU)
Regulator CMB (Capital Markets Board), CBRT (Central Bank), MASAK
Stablecoin Rules Regulated under EU MiCA framework
Stablecoin Rules Under development; CBRT banned crypto for payments
Key Points
  • Estonia issued crypto licenses since 2017 but drastically tightened rules in 2022
  • Hundreds of crypto licenses were revoked in 2020-2022 due to AML concerns
  • New requirements include higher share capital (€100,000-€250,000) and local management
  • Crypto gains taxed at 20% personal income tax (22% from 2025)
  • MiCA framework applicable from December 2024
Key Points
  • 2024 Capital Markets Law amendment gives CMB authority to license crypto platforms
  • CBRT banned the use of crypto assets for payments in April 2021
  • No crypto-specific tax currently; capital gains tax legislation under discussion
  • MASAK enforces AML/KYC requirements on crypto platforms
  • Turkey ranks among top 5 globally for crypto adoption (driven by lira depreciation)
Sources
Sources