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Denmark vs Kazakhstan

Crypto regulation comparison

← Back to map | Denmark | Kazakhstan
Denmark

Denmark

Kazakhstan

Kazakhstan

Legal
Legal

Cryptocurrency is legal in Denmark and regulated under EU frameworks including MiCA. Denmark has notably high tax rates on crypto gains, treated as personal income and taxed at rates up to 52%. The Danish Tax Council confirmed in 2018 that gains and losses on Bitcoin are taxable.

Kazakhstan has a dual approach to crypto regulation. The Astana International Financial Centre (AIFC) operates as a regulated sandbox where licensed crypto exchanges can operate under AFSA supervision. Outside the AIFC, crypto regulation is more restrictive. Kazakhstan became a major mining hub after China's ban but has since tightened mining regulations.

Tax Type Capital gains
Tax Type Capital gains
Tax Rate 37-52%
Tax Rate 10%
Exchanges Yes Yes
Exchanges Yes Yes
Mining Yes Yes
Mining Yes Yes
Regulator Finanstilsynet (Danish FSA), Skattestyrelsen
Regulator AFSA (Astana Financial Services Authority), NBK (National Bank of Kazakhstan)
Stablecoin Rules Regulated under EU MiCA framework (Denmark is EU member but outside eurozone)
Stablecoin Rules AIFC (Astana International Financial Centre) has its own framework for digital assets including stablecoins
Key Points
  • Crypto gains taxed as personal income at 37-52% (among the highest in the world)
  • Losses on crypto can be deducted against gains
  • Finanstilsynet supervises crypto businesses under the Danish AML Act
  • Denmark does not have its own crypto-specific legislation beyond EU frameworks
  • Skattestyrelsen (tax authority) actively monitors crypto transactions and issues guidance
Key Points
  • AIFC provides a regulatory sandbox for licensed crypto exchanges and businesses
  • Mining is legal and licensed, with a specific tax on electricity consumption for miners
  • Kazakhstan became the world's second-largest Bitcoin mining country after China's 2021 ban
  • 2022 mining crackdown introduced stricter licensing and energy consumption taxes
  • Outside AIFC, domestic crypto payments and exchanges face greater restrictions
Sources
Sources