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Cyprus vs Kazakhstan

Crypto regulation comparison

← Back to map | Cyprus | Kazakhstan
Cyprus

Cyprus

Kazakhstan

Kazakhstan

Legal
Legal

Cyprus regulates crypto under the EU MiCA framework (fully applicable since December 2024). CySEC authorizes crypto-asset service providers (CASPs) while the Central Bank of Cyprus oversees e-money tokens and asset-referenced tokens. Crypto gains from occasional transactions are currently not taxed; active trading is taxed as income at 0-35%. A proposed 8% flat tax on crypto gains is pending parliamentary approval for 2026.

Kazakhstan has a dual approach to crypto regulation. The Astana International Financial Centre (AIFC) operates as a regulated sandbox where licensed crypto exchanges can operate under AFSA supervision. Outside the AIFC, crypto regulation is more restrictive. Kazakhstan became a major mining hub after China's ban but has since tightened mining regulations.

Tax Type Varies
Tax Type Capital gains
Tax Rate 0-35% (proposed 8% flat rate from 2026)
Tax Rate 10%
Exchanges Yes Yes
Exchanges Yes Yes
Mining Yes Yes
Mining Yes Yes
Regulator CySEC, Central Bank of Cyprus
Regulator AFSA (Astana Financial Services Authority), NBK (National Bank of Kazakhstan)
Stablecoin Rules Regulated under EU MiCA framework
Stablecoin Rules AIFC (Astana International Financial Centre) has its own framework for digital assets including stablecoins
Key Points
  • CySEC authorizes and supervises crypto-asset service providers under MiCA
  • No capital gains tax on crypto for occasional transactions; active trading taxed as income
  • EU MiCA regulation applies as an EU member state
  • AML/CFT requirements enforced for all crypto businesses
  • Proposed 8% flat tax on crypto gains pending parliamentary approval for 2026
Key Points
  • AIFC provides a regulatory sandbox for licensed crypto exchanges and businesses
  • Mining is legal and licensed, with a specific tax on electricity consumption for miners
  • Kazakhstan became the world's second-largest Bitcoin mining country after China's 2021 ban
  • 2022 mining crackdown introduced stricter licensing and energy consumption taxes
  • Outside AIFC, domestic crypto payments and exchanges face greater restrictions
Sources
Sources