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China vs Russia

Crypto regulation comparison

← Back to map | China | Russia
China

China

Russia

Russia

Banned
Partially Regulated

China has imposed a comprehensive ban on cryptocurrency activities. In September 2021, the PBOC and ten other agencies jointly declared all cryptocurrency transactions illegal, and the State Council banned crypto mining. China is instead promoting the digital yuan (e-CNY) CBDC.

Russia's crypto regulation is complex and evolving. The 2021 'On Digital Financial Assets' law recognizes crypto as property but bans its use as a means of payment. Mining was legalized and regulated in 2024 under a new mining law. Crypto is taxed as income at 13-15%. The CBR pushed for a total ban on crypto trading but was overruled by the government, which favors regulation. International sanctions have complicated Russia's crypto landscape.

Tax Type Unclear
Tax Type Income
Tax Rate N/A
Tax Rate 13-15%
Exchanges No No
Exchanges No No
Mining No No
Mining Yes Yes
Regulator PBOC (People's Bank of China), CBIRC, CSRC
Regulator CBR (Central Bank of Russia), Ministry of Finance
Stablecoin Rules Not applicable; all crypto activities are banned
Stablecoin Rules Crypto payments banned; digital ruble CBDC introduced
Key Points
  • All crypto transactions declared illegal by PBOC and 10 agencies in September 2021
  • Crypto mining banned by the State Council in 2021 after a series of provincial crackdowns
  • Financial institutions and payment companies prohibited from facilitating crypto services
  • China actively developing and piloting the digital yuan (e-CNY) CBDC
  • Despite the ban, some Chinese citizens reportedly access crypto via VPNs and OTC desks
Key Points
  • Digital Financial Assets law (2021) recognizes crypto as property but bans use as payment
  • Crypto mining officially legalized and regulated under 2024 mining legislation
  • Crypto income taxed at 13% (up to RUB 5M) or 15% (above RUB 5M)
  • Domestic crypto exchanges not legally operating; P2P trading widespread. CBR framework Dec 2025 targeting July 2026.
  • International sanctions have increased interest in crypto for cross-border transfers
Sources
Sources