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China vs Portugal

Crypto regulation comparison

← Back to map | China | Portugal
China

China

Portugal

Portugal

Banned
Legal

China has imposed a comprehensive ban on cryptocurrency activities. In September 2021, the PBOC and ten other agencies jointly declared all cryptocurrency transactions illegal, and the State Council banned crypto mining. China is instead promoting the digital yuan (e-CNY) CBDC.

Portugal was formerly a crypto tax haven with 0% capital gains tax on crypto for individuals, but the 2023 State Budget introduced a 28% capital gains tax on crypto held for less than one year. Crypto held for over 365 days remains tax-free for individuals. Banco de Portugal registers VASPs for AML compliance, and Portugal transitions to MiCA. Portugal attracted many crypto entrepreneurs due to its previously favorable tax regime and NHR (Non-Habitual Resident) program.

Tax Type Unclear
Tax Type Capital gains
Tax Rate N/A
Tax Rate 28%
Exchanges No No
Exchanges Yes Yes
Mining No No
Mining Yes Yes
Regulator PBOC (People's Bank of China), CBIRC, CSRC
Regulator Banco de Portugal, CMVM (Securities Market Commission)
Stablecoin Rules Not applicable; all crypto activities are banned
Stablecoin Rules Regulated under EU MiCA framework
Key Points
  • All crypto transactions declared illegal by PBOC and 10 agencies in September 2021
  • Crypto mining banned by the State Council in 2021 after a series of provincial crackdowns
  • Financial institutions and payment companies prohibited from facilitating crypto services
  • China actively developing and piloting the digital yuan (e-CNY) CBDC
  • Despite the ban, some Chinese citizens reportedly access crypto via VPNs and OTC desks
Key Points
  • 28% capital gains tax on crypto sold within 365 days (introduced in 2023 budget)
  • Crypto held for more than 365 days is exempt from capital gains tax for individuals
  • Banco de Portugal oversees VASP registration for AML/CFT compliance
  • CMVM regulates crypto where classified as securities
  • Former 0% tax regime attracted crypto entrepreneurs; NHR tax regime phased out in 2024
Sources
Sources