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Chile vs Netherlands

Crypto regulation comparison

← Back to map | Chile | Netherlands
Chile

Chile

Netherlands

Netherlands

Legal
Legal

Chile passed a Fintech Law (Ley 21,521) in January 2023, establishing a regulatory framework for crypto service providers. The CMF is developing implementing regulations for virtual asset platforms. Crypto gains are taxed under general income tax rules.

The Netherlands has one of Europe's strictest crypto regulatory regimes. DNB has overseen VASP registration since 2020 under the Dutch AML/CFT Act (Wwft), and many applications have been rejected. The Netherlands does not tax realized capital gains directly; instead, crypto holdings are taxed under the Box 3 wealth tax based on a deemed return on net assets. The AFM oversees market conduct. MiCA is now the governing framework.

Tax Type Capital gains
Tax Type Wealth
Tax Rate 0-40%
Tax Rate ~1.2-1.6% (deemed return)
Exchanges Yes Yes
Exchanges Yes Yes
Mining Yes Yes
Mining Yes Yes
Regulator CMF (Comisión para el Mercado Financiero)
Regulator DNB (De Nederlandsche Bank), AFM (Autoriteit Financiële Markten)
Stablecoin Rules To be addressed under the Fintech Law implementing regulations
Stablecoin Rules Regulated under EU MiCA framework; DNB oversight
Key Points
  • Fintech Law (Ley 21,521) passed in January 2023 covers crypto service providers
  • CMF designated as regulator for crypto platforms under the new law
  • Crypto exchanges must register and comply with AML/KYC requirements
  • Capital gains on crypto taxed under general income tax at progressive rates up to 40%
  • Chile has an active crypto market with exchanges like Buda.com operating since 2015
Key Points
  • DNB requires VASP registration under the Wwft (AML Act); rigorous approval process
  • Only a limited number of VASPs have obtained DNB registration (many rejected or withdrawn)
  • Crypto taxed under Box 3 wealth tax: deemed return on net assets taxed at ~31-36% (effective ~1.2-1.6%)
  • AFM regulates crypto advertising and market conduct; banned crypto ads targeting retail in 2022
  • MiCA framework applicable from December 2024, transitioning from national DNB regime
Sources
Sources