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Switzerland vs Turkmenistan

Crypto regulation comparison

← Back to map | Switzerland | Turkmenistan
Switzerland

Switzerland

Turkmenistan

Turkmenistan

Legal
Legal

Switzerland is one of the world's most crypto-friendly jurisdictions. The Canton of Zug is known as 'Crypto Valley' and hosts the Ethereum Foundation and hundreds of blockchain companies. FINMA provides clear regulatory guidance, and the DLT Act (2021) created a legal framework for tokenized securities and crypto exchanges. Individual investors pay no capital gains tax on crypto, though it is included in the cantonal wealth tax base. Professional traders may be subject to income tax.

Turkmenistan enacted the Law on Virtual Assets effective January 2026, legalizing crypto exchanges and mining under Central Bank licensing. Crypto is treated as property, not legal tender.

Tax Type Wealth
Tax Type None
Tax Rate 0% capital gains (individuals); wealth tax varies by canton
Tax Rate N/A
Exchanges Yes Yes
Exchanges Yes Yes
Mining Yes Yes
Mining Yes Yes
Regulator FINMA (Swiss Financial Market Supervisory Authority)
Regulator Central Bank of Turkmenistan
Stablecoin Rules Regulated under FINMA framework; fiat-pegged stablecoin issuers must hold a banking or fintech licence (reserves treated as public deposits), or a payment system licence under FMIA if structured as financial market infrastructure
Stablecoin Rules Regulated under Virtual Assets Law
Key Points
  • No capital gains tax on crypto for individual investors (private wealth management)
  • Crypto included in cantonal wealth tax base (rates vary by canton, typically 0.1-1%)
  • Professional/frequent traders may be classified as self-employed and taxed on income
  • FINMA regulates crypto under existing financial market laws and the 2021 DLT Act
  • DLT Act (2021) introduced DLT trading facility license and legal framework for tokenized assets
Key Points
  • Law on Virtual Assets enacted November 2025, effective January 2026
  • Crypto exchanges and mining require Central Bank licensing
  • Crypto treated as property, not legal tender
  • Banks prohibited from directly providing crypto services
  • Low electricity costs attract mining operations
Sources
Sources