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Canada vs Kazakhstan

Crypto regulation comparison

← Back to map | Canada | Kazakhstan
Canada

Canada

Kazakhstan

Kazakhstan

Legal
Legal

Canada has a well-developed regulatory framework for cryptocurrency. Crypto trading platforms must register with provincial securities regulators through the CSA, and all crypto businesses must register as money services businesses (MSBs) with FINTRAC. Canada approved spot Bitcoin ETFs in 2021, ahead of most other countries.

Kazakhstan has a dual approach to crypto regulation. The Astana International Financial Centre (AIFC) operates as a regulated sandbox where licensed crypto exchanges can operate under AFSA supervision. Outside the AIFC, crypto regulation is more restrictive. Kazakhstan became a major mining hub after China's ban but has since tightened mining regulations.

Tax Type Capital gains
Tax Type Capital gains
Tax Rate 0-26.76%
Tax Rate 10%
Exchanges Yes Yes
Exchanges Yes Yes
Mining Yes Yes
Mining Yes Yes
Regulator CSA, FINTRAC, OSC, AMF
Regulator AFSA (Astana Financial Services Authority), NBK (National Bank of Kazakhstan)
Stablecoin Rules CSA guidance requires stablecoins to maintain adequate reserves; value-referenced crypto assets regulated
Stablecoin Rules AIFC (Astana International Financial Centre) has its own framework for digital assets including stablecoins
Key Points
  • Crypto trading platforms must register with CSA provincial regulators
  • All crypto dealers must register as MSBs with FINTRAC for AML/KYC compliance
  • 50% of capital gains are taxable; business income from crypto is fully taxable
  • Canada approved spot Bitcoin and Ether ETFs in 2021, the first major country to do so
  • CSA issued Staff Notice 21-327 on obligations for crypto trading platforms
Key Points
  • AIFC provides a regulatory sandbox for licensed crypto exchanges and businesses
  • Mining is legal and licensed, with a specific tax on electricity consumption for miners
  • Kazakhstan became the world's second-largest Bitcoin mining country after China's 2021 ban
  • 2022 mining crackdown introduced stricter licensing and energy consumption taxes
  • Outside AIFC, domestic crypto payments and exchanges face greater restrictions
Sources
Sources