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Brunei vs Japan

Crypto regulation comparison

← Back to map | Brunei | Japan
Brunei

Brunei

Japan

Japan

Restricted
Legal

Brunei has no specific cryptocurrency legislation. The BDCB (formerly AMBD) stated in 2017 that crypto is not legal tender and not regulated, warning the public about risks. Crypto is not banned but has no legal protection. No tax guidelines address crypto specifically.

Japan is one of the world's most comprehensively regulated crypto markets. The Payment Services Act and Financial Instruments and Exchange Act govern crypto exchanges and tokens. Japan classifies crypto as "crypto-assets" and taxes gains as miscellaneous income at rates up to 55%, though reforms to lower this rate are under active discussion.

Tax Type None
Tax Type Income
Tax Rate N/A
Tax Rate 15-55%
Exchanges No No
Exchanges Yes Yes
Mining Yes Yes
Mining Yes Yes
Regulator Brunei Darussalam Central Bank (BDCB, formerly AMBD)
Regulator FSA (Financial Services Agency), JVCEA
Stablecoin Rules No stablecoin regulation
Stablecoin Rules 2022 stablecoin law requires issuers to be licensed banks, trust companies, or fund transfer agents
Key Points
  • BDCB stated in 2017 that crypto is not legal tender and not regulated
  • Crypto not recognized as legal tender
  • No specific cryptocurrency legislation
  • Financial institutions discouraged from dealing in crypto
  • No tax guidelines specifically address cryptocurrency
Key Points
  • Crypto exchanges must register with the FSA under the Payment Services Act
  • Crypto gains taxed as miscellaneous income at up to 55% (national + local tax)
  • Japan's self-regulatory body JVCEA sets industry standards for exchanges
  • 2022 stablecoin legislation (revised Payment Services Act) regulates stablecoin issuance
  • Government considering tax reform to apply a flat 20% separate taxation on crypto gains
Sources
Sources