Antigua and Barbuda vs Kazakhstan
Crypto regulation comparison
Antigua and Barbuda
Kazakhstan
Legal
Legal
Antigua and Barbuda has introduced legislation for digital assets. No income or capital gains tax applies.
Kazakhstan has a dual approach to crypto regulation. The Astana International Financial Centre (AIFC) operates as a regulated sandbox where licensed crypto exchanges can operate under AFSA supervision. Outside the AIFC, crypto regulation is more restrictive. Kazakhstan became a major mining hub after China's ban but has since tightened mining regulations.
Tax Type
No tax
Tax Type
Capital gains
Tax Rate
0%
Tax Rate
10%
Exchanges
Yes
Exchanges
Yes
Mining
Yes
Mining
Yes
Regulator
Eastern Caribbean Central Bank (ECCB), Financial Services Regulatory Commission
Regulator
AFSA (Astana Financial Services Authority), NBK (National Bank of Kazakhstan)
Stablecoin Rules
No specific stablecoin regulation
Stablecoin Rules
AIFC (Astana International Financial Centre) has its own framework for digital assets including stablecoins
Key Points
- Digital asset business legislation enacted
- No income or capital gains tax
- ECCB provides regional monetary oversight
- Government has promoted crypto-friendly policies
- Citizenship by investment program accepts crypto
Key Points
- AIFC provides a regulatory sandbox for licensed crypto exchanges and businesses
- Mining is legal and licensed, with a specific tax on electricity consumption for miners
- Kazakhstan became the world's second-largest Bitcoin mining country after China's 2021 ban
- 2022 mining crackdown introduced stricter licensing and energy consumption taxes
- Outside AIFC, domestic crypto payments and exchanges face greater restrictions