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Netherlands vs Zambia

Crypto regulation comparison

← Back to map | Netherlands | Zambia
Netherlands

Netherlands

Zambia

Zambia

Legal
No Regulation

The Netherlands has one of Europe's strictest crypto regulatory regimes. DNB has overseen VASP registration since 2020 under the Dutch AML/CFT Act (Wwft), and many applications have been rejected. The Netherlands does not tax realized capital gains directly; instead, crypto holdings are taxed under the Box 3 wealth tax based on a deemed return on net assets. The AFM oversees market conduct. MiCA is now the governing framework.

Zambia has no comprehensive cryptocurrency legislation. The SEC warns the public about unregulated crypto schemes and evaluates whether specific products qualify as securities. The Bank of Zambia's 2024-2027 Strategic Plan includes developing a crypto and stablecoin regulatory framework. Blockchain-based regulatory testing is underway with the SEC and BoZ.

Tax Type Wealth
Tax Type None
Tax Rate ~1.2-1.6% (deemed return)
Tax Rate N/A
Exchanges Yes Yes
Exchanges Yes Yes
Mining Yes Yes
Mining Yes Yes
Regulator DNB (De Nederlandsche Bank), AFM (Autoriteit Financiële Markten)
Regulator Bank of Zambia, Securities and Exchange Commission
Stablecoin Rules Regulated under EU MiCA framework; DNB oversight
Stablecoin Rules No stablecoin regulation
Key Points
  • DNB requires VASP registration under the Wwft (AML Act); rigorous approval process
  • Only a limited number of VASPs have obtained DNB registration (many rejected or withdrawn)
  • Crypto taxed under Box 3 wealth tax: deemed return on net assets taxed at ~31-36% (effective ~1.2-1.6%)
  • AFM regulates crypto advertising and market conduct; banned crypto ads targeting retail in 2022
  • MiCA framework applicable from December 2024, transitioning from national DNB regime
Key Points
  • SEC warns public against unregulated cryptocurrency schemes
  • Crypto products regulated only if they meet the definition of a security
  • BoZ 2024-2027 Strategic Plan includes crypto and stablecoin regulatory framework
  • Blockchain-based regulatory testing underway with SEC and BoZ
  • Kwacha is sole legal tender for domestic transactions per 2025 Currency Directives
Sources
Sources
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