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Kazakhstan vs Vietnam

Crypto regulation comparison

← Back to map | Kazakhstan | Vietnam
Kazakhstan

Kazakhstan

Vietnam

Vietnam

Legal
Legal

Kazakhstan has a dual approach to crypto regulation. The Astana International Financial Centre (AIFC) operates as a regulated sandbox where licensed crypto exchanges can operate under AFSA supervision. Outside the AIFC, crypto regulation is more restrictive. Kazakhstan became a major mining hub after China's ban but has since tightened mining regulations.

Vietnam passed the Law on Digital Technology Industry in June 2025 (effective January 2026), officially recognizing crypto as legal virtual assets. However, the SBV still bans crypto as a payment method. The law requires AML/cybersecurity compliance for all crypto activities. Vietnam consistently ranks among the top globally in crypto adoption. Ministry of Finance to issue detailed guidance before 2026.

Tax Type Capital gains
Tax Type Income
Tax Rate 10%
Tax Rate Up to 25% (corporate); individual unclear
Exchanges Yes Yes
Exchanges No No
Mining Yes Yes
Mining Yes Yes
Regulator AFSA (Astana Financial Services Authority), NBK (National Bank of Kazakhstan)
Regulator SBV (State Bank of Vietnam), MOF (Ministry of Finance), MIC (Ministry of Information)
Stablecoin Rules AIFC (Astana International Financial Centre) has its own framework for digital assets including stablecoins
Stablecoin Rules Crypto recognized as virtual assets under Law on Digital Technology Industry; payment use still banned
Key Points
  • AIFC provides a regulatory sandbox for licensed crypto exchanges and businesses
  • Mining is legal and licensed, with a specific tax on electricity consumption for miners
  • Kazakhstan became the world's second-largest Bitcoin mining country after China's 2021 ban
  • 2022 mining crackdown introduced stricter licensing and energy consumption taxes
  • Outside AIFC, domestic crypto payments and exchanges face greater restrictions
Key Points
  • Law on Digital Technology Industry (June 2025) recognizes crypto as legal virtual assets
  • SBV still bans crypto as payment method; not recognized as legal tender
  • Vietnam ranks #1 globally in crypto adoption (Chainalysis 2023 index)
  • AML and cybersecurity compliance required for all crypto trading activities
  • Ministry of Finance to issue detailed crypto regulatory guidance before January 2026
Sources
Sources