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India vs Netherlands

Crypto regulation comparison

← Back to map | India | Netherlands
India

India

Netherlands

Netherlands

Legal
Legal

India legalized crypto taxation in the 2022 Union Budget, imposing a flat 30% tax on all crypto gains with no deductions for losses. A 1% TDS (Tax Deducted at Source) on crypto transactions above thresholds also applies. The Supreme Court struck down the RBI's 2018 banking ban in 2020, and India is now developing a broader regulatory framework.

The Netherlands has one of Europe's strictest crypto regulatory regimes. DNB has overseen VASP registration since 2020 under the Dutch AML/CFT Act (Wwft), and many applications have been rejected. The Netherlands does not tax realized capital gains directly; instead, crypto holdings are taxed under the Box 3 wealth tax based on a deemed return on net assets. The AFM oversees market conduct. MiCA is now the governing framework.

Tax Type Capital gains
Tax Type Wealth
Tax Rate 30%
Tax Rate ~1.2-1.6% (deemed return)
Exchanges Yes Yes
Exchanges Yes Yes
Mining Yes Yes
Mining Yes Yes
Regulator CBDT, FIU-IND, SEBI, RBI
Regulator DNB (De Nederlandsche Bank), AFM (Autoriteit Financiële Markten)
Stablecoin Rules No specific stablecoin regulation; RBI exploring digital rupee CBDC
Stablecoin Rules Regulated under EU MiCA framework; DNB oversight
Key Points
  • Flat 30% tax on all crypto gains with no loss offset against other income (effective April 2022)
  • 1% TDS on crypto transactions above ₹10,000 (₹50,000 for specified persons)
  • Supreme Court struck down RBI's 2018 banking circular banning banks from serving crypto firms
  • FIU-IND requires VASPs to register and comply with PMLA (Prevention of Money Laundering Act)
  • India blocked non-compliant offshore exchanges (Binance, others) in 2024, later some re-registered
Key Points
  • DNB requires VASP registration under the Wwft (AML Act); rigorous approval process
  • Only a limited number of VASPs have obtained DNB registration (many rejected or withdrawn)
  • Crypto taxed under Box 3 wealth tax: deemed return on net assets taxed at ~31-36% (effective ~1.2-1.6%)
  • AFM regulates crypto advertising and market conduct; banned crypto ads targeting retail in 2022
  • MiCA framework applicable from December 2024, transitioning from national DNB regime
Sources
Sources