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Japan vs Romania

Crypto regulation comparison

← Back to map | Japan | Romania
Japan

Japan

Romania

Romania

Legal
Legal

Japan is one of the world's most comprehensively regulated crypto markets. The Payment Services Act and Financial Instruments and Exchange Act govern crypto exchanges and tokens. Japan classifies crypto as "crypto-assets" and taxes gains as miscellaneous income at rates up to 55%, though reforms to lower this rate are under active discussion.

Cryptocurrency is legal in Romania. Crypto gains are taxed at 10% as 'income from other sources' under the fiscal code. VASPs must register with the relevant authorities for AML compliance. Romania has a growing crypto community and is transitioning to the EU MiCA framework.

Tax Type Income
Tax Type Capital gains
Tax Rate 15-55%
Tax Rate 10%
Exchanges Yes Yes
Exchanges Yes Yes
Mining Yes Yes
Mining Yes Yes
Regulator FSA (Financial Services Agency), JVCEA
Regulator ASF (Autoritatea de Supraveghere Financiară), BNR (National Bank of Romania)
Stablecoin Rules 2022 stablecoin law requires issuers to be licensed banks, trust companies, or fund transfer agents
Stablecoin Rules Regulated under EU MiCA framework
Key Points
  • Crypto exchanges must register with the FSA under the Payment Services Act
  • Crypto gains taxed as miscellaneous income at up to 55% (national + local tax)
  • Japan's self-regulatory body JVCEA sets industry standards for exchanges
  • 2022 stablecoin legislation (revised Payment Services Act) regulates stablecoin issuance
  • Government considering tax reform to apply a flat 20% separate taxation on crypto gains
Key Points
  • Crypto gains taxed at 10% as 'income from other sources' under Article 114 Fiscal Code
  • Annual gains up to RON 600 (~EUR 120) exempt from tax per Article 116 Fiscal Code
  • VASPs must register for AML/CFT compliance
  • ASF oversees financial market conduct; BNR handles monetary policy
  • MiCA framework applicable from December 2024
Sources
Sources