Ivory Coast vs Netherlands
Crypto regulation comparison
Ivory Coast
Netherlands
No Regulation
Legal
Ivory Coast has no specific cryptocurrency legislation. As a WAEMU member under BCEAO oversight, it follows regional monetary policy. Growing fintech interest is driving discussions around crypto regulation.
The Netherlands has one of Europe's strictest crypto regulatory regimes. DNB has overseen VASP registration since 2020 under the Dutch AML/CFT Act (Wwft), and many applications have been rejected. The Netherlands does not tax realized capital gains directly; instead, crypto holdings are taxed under the Box 3 wealth tax based on a deemed return on net assets. The AFM oversees market conduct. MiCA is now the governing framework.
Tax Type
None
Tax Type
Wealth
Tax Rate
N/A
Tax Rate
~1.2-1.6% (deemed return)
Exchanges
Yes
Exchanges
Yes
Mining
Yes
Mining
Yes
Regulator
BCEAO (Central Bank of West African States)
Regulator
DNB (De Nederlandsche Bank), AFM (Autoriteit Financiële Markten)
Stablecoin Rules
No stablecoin regulation
Stablecoin Rules
Regulated under EU MiCA framework; DNB oversight
Key Points
- No specific national cryptocurrency legislation
- BCEAO provides regional monetary and regulatory oversight
- Part of the WAEMU monetary zone using the CFA franc
- Growing fintech sector driving interest in crypto
- No formal licensing framework for crypto businesses
Key Points
- DNB requires VASP registration under the Wwft (AML Act); rigorous approval process
- Only a limited number of VASPs have obtained DNB registration (many rejected or withdrawn)
- Crypto taxed under Box 3 wealth tax: deemed return on net assets taxed at ~31-36% (effective ~1.2-1.6%)
- AFM regulates crypto advertising and market conduct; banned crypto ads targeting retail in 2022
- MiCA framework applicable from December 2024, transitioning from national DNB regime