BTC $67,152.00 (-0.97%)
ETH $1,980.66 (-1.15%)
XRP $1.42 (-3.91%)
BNB $613.89 (-0.58%)
SOL $82.33 (-3.23%)
TRX $0.28 (-0.43%)
DOGE $0.10 (-2.68%)
BCH $561.08 (-0.69%)
ADA $0.28 (-2.32%)
LEO $8.65 (-0.10%)
HYPE $28.73 (-2.20%)
LINK $8.72 (-1.75%)
CC $0.16 (-2.78%)
XMR $328.55 (-2.65%)
XLM $0.16 (-3.49%)
RAIN $0.01 (+1.39%)
ZEC $262.85 (-10.16%)
HBAR $0.10 (-2.75%)
LTC $53.34 (-1.64%)
AVAX $8.91 (-1.63%)

Portugal vs Russia

Crypto regulation comparison

← Back to map | Portugal | Russia
Portugal

Portugal

Russia

Russia

Legal
Partially Regulated

Portugal was formerly a crypto tax haven with 0% capital gains tax on crypto for individuals, but the 2023 State Budget introduced a 28% capital gains tax on crypto held for less than one year. Crypto held for over 365 days remains tax-free for individuals. Banco de Portugal registers VASPs for AML compliance, and Portugal transitions to MiCA. Portugal attracted many crypto entrepreneurs due to its previously favorable tax regime and NHR (Non-Habitual Resident) program.

Russia's crypto regulation is complex and evolving. The 2021 'On Digital Financial Assets' law recognizes crypto as property but bans its use as a means of payment. Mining was legalized and regulated in 2024 under a new mining law. Crypto is taxed as income at 13-15%. The CBR pushed for a total ban on crypto trading but was overruled by the government, which favors regulation. International sanctions have complicated Russia's crypto landscape.

Tax Type Capital gains
Tax Type Income
Tax Rate 28%
Tax Rate 13-15%
Exchanges Yes Yes
Exchanges No No
Mining Yes Yes
Mining Yes Yes
Regulator Banco de Portugal, CMVM (Securities Market Commission)
Regulator CBR (Central Bank of Russia), Ministry of Finance
Stablecoin Rules Regulated under EU MiCA framework
Stablecoin Rules Crypto payments banned; digital ruble CBDC introduced
Key Points
  • 28% capital gains tax on crypto sold within 365 days (introduced in 2023 budget)
  • Crypto held for more than 365 days is exempt from capital gains tax for individuals
  • Banco de Portugal oversees VASP registration for AML/CFT compliance
  • CMVM regulates crypto where classified as securities
  • Former 0% tax regime attracted crypto entrepreneurs; NHR tax regime phased out in 2024
Key Points
  • Digital Financial Assets law (2021) recognizes crypto as property but bans use as payment
  • Crypto mining officially legalized and regulated under 2024 mining legislation
  • Crypto income taxed at 13% (up to RUB 5M) or 15% (above RUB 5M)
  • Domestic crypto exchanges not legally operating; P2P trading widespread. CBR framework Dec 2025 targeting July 2026.
  • International sanctions have increased interest in crypto for cross-border transfers
Sources
Sources