Kazakhstan vs Liberia
Crypto regulation comparison
Kazakhstan
Liberia
Legal
Restricted
Kazakhstan has a dual approach to crypto regulation. The Astana International Financial Centre (AIFC) operates as a regulated sandbox where licensed crypto exchanges can operate under AFSA supervision. Outside the AIFC, crypto regulation is more restrictive. Kazakhstan became a major mining hub after China's ban but has since tightened mining regulations.
The CBL has not issued crypto licenses and considers unauthorized crypto products illegal. No specific crypto legislation exists but the Financial Institutions Act requires licensing for all financial services.
Tax Type
Capital gains
Tax Type
None
Tax Rate
10%
Tax Rate
N/A
Exchanges
Yes
Exchanges
Yes
Mining
Yes
Mining
Yes
Regulator
AFSA (Astana Financial Services Authority), NBK (National Bank of Kazakhstan)
Regulator
Central Bank of Liberia
Stablecoin Rules
AIFC (Astana International Financial Centre) has its own framework for digital assets including stablecoins
Stablecoin Rules
No stablecoin regulation
Key Points
- AIFC provides a regulatory sandbox for licensed crypto exchanges and businesses
- Mining is legal and licensed, with a specific tax on electricity consumption for miners
- Kazakhstan became the world's second-largest Bitcoin mining country after China's 2021 ban
- 2022 mining crackdown introduced stricter licensing and energy consumption taxes
- Outside AIFC, domestic crypto payments and exchanges face greater restrictions
Key Points
- CBL has not approved any crypto licensing
- Unauthorized crypto products deemed illegal under Financial Institutions Act
- CBL shut down local crypto startup TACC in 2021
- No specific crypto tax framework
- Very low crypto adoption due to limited internet access