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Indonesia vs Panama

Crypto regulation comparison

← Back to map | Indonesia | Panama
Indonesia

Indonesia

Panama

Panama

Legal
Legal

Cryptocurrency is legal in Indonesia and classified as a commodity (not currency). Bappebti regulated crypto since 2019, but authority transitioned to OJK (Financial Services Authority) in January 2025. Under PMK 50/2025 (effective August 2025), crypto transactions incur a 0.21% final income tax via domestic exchanges (1% via foreign platforms). VAT on crypto transfers was abolished as crypto was reclassified as digital financial assets.

Panama passed Law 129 in 2024 regulating crypto assets, virtual asset service providers, and tokenized securities. Panama has no capital gains tax on foreign-sourced or investment income, making it attractive for crypto investors. The law provides a regulatory framework for exchanges and establishes AML/KYC obligations for VASPs.

Tax Type Varies
Tax Type None
Tax Rate 0.21% (domestic exchange) / 1% (foreign platform)
Tax Rate 0%
Exchanges Yes Yes
Exchanges Yes Yes
Mining Yes Yes
Mining Yes Yes
Regulator OJK (Otoritas Jasa Keuangan) since January 2025
Regulator SBP (Superintendencia de Bancos de Panamá), SMV
Stablecoin Rules Crypto traded as commodities; stablecoin-specific rules under development with OJK transition
Stablecoin Rules No specific stablecoin regulation
Key Points
  • Crypto regulated by OJK since January 2025, transitioned from Bappebti
  • 0.21% final income tax on (PPh Art. 22) crypto transaction value for sales per PMK 50/2025
  • VAT abolished under PMK 50/2025; reclassified as digital financial assets
  • Only crypto assets approved and listed by Bappebti can be traded on licensed exchanges
  • Indonesia launched a national crypto exchange (Bursa Kripto Indonesia) in 2023
Key Points
  • Law 129 (2024) regulates crypto assets and VASPs in Panama
  • No capital gains tax on investment or foreign-sourced income (territorial tax system)
  • VASPs must comply with AML/KYC requirements under the new framework
  • Crypto payments for commercial transactions are permitted
  • Panama's territorial tax system means crypto gains from international trading are untaxed
Sources
Sources