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United Kingdom vs Indonesia

Crypto regulation comparison

← Back to map | United Kingdom | Indonesia
United Kingdom

United Kingdom

Indonesia

Indonesia

Legal
Legal

The UK has an evolving and increasingly comprehensive crypto regulatory framework. The FCA registers crypto firms for AML/CFT compliance and has imposed strict financial promotion rules requiring risk warnings and banning incentives. HMRC treats crypto as property subject to Capital Gains Tax (10% basic rate, 20% higher rate, with £3,000 annual exemption from 2024/25). The Financial Services and Markets Act 2023 brought crypto assets into the UK regulatory perimeter, and HM Treasury is developing rules for a full crypto regime including exchange licensing, stablecoin regulation, and a potential UK CBDC ('Britcoin').

Cryptocurrency is legal in Indonesia and classified as a commodity (not currency). Bappebti regulated crypto since 2019, but authority transitioned to OJK (Financial Services Authority) in January 2025. Under PMK 50/2025 (effective August 2025), crypto transactions incur a 0.21% final income tax via domestic exchanges (1% via foreign platforms). VAT on crypto transfers was abolished as crypto was reclassified as digital financial assets.

Tax Type Capital gains
Tax Type Varies
Tax Rate 18-24%
Tax Rate 0.21% (domestic exchange) / 1% (foreign platform)
Exchanges Yes Yes
Exchanges Yes Yes
Mining Yes Yes
Mining Yes Yes
Regulator FCA (Financial Conduct Authority), HMRC, Bank of England
Regulator OJK (Otoritas Jasa Keuangan) since January 2025
Stablecoin Rules Stablecoin regulation under Financial Services and Markets Act 2023; fiat-backed stablecoins to be regulated by FCA
Stablecoin Rules Crypto traded as commodities; stablecoin-specific rules under development with OJK transition
Key Points
  • FCA AML registration required for all crypto firms operating in the UK
  • Capital Gains Tax: 10% (basic rate) or 20% (higher rate); £3,000 annual exempt amount (2024/25)
  • Financial promotions regime (2023): strict rules on crypto advertising, risk warnings mandatory
  • Financial Services and Markets Act 2023 brings crypto into regulatory perimeter
  • HM Treasury developing comprehensive crypto regulatory regime (exchange licensing, conduct rules)
Key Points
  • Crypto regulated by OJK since January 2025, transitioned from Bappebti
  • 0.21% final income tax on (PPh Art. 22) crypto transaction value for sales per PMK 50/2025
  • VAT abolished under PMK 50/2025; reclassified as digital financial assets
  • Only crypto assets approved and listed by Bappebti can be traded on licensed exchanges
  • Indonesia launched a national crypto exchange (Bursa Kripto Indonesia) in 2023
Sources
Sources