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Spain vs Zambia

Crypto regulation comparison

← Back to map | Spain | Zambia
Spain

Spain

Zambia

Zambia

Legal
No Regulation

Cryptocurrency is legal and increasingly regulated in Spain. Crypto capital gains are taxed at progressive savings tax rates (19-28%). Spain was an early mover in requiring crypto advertising to be pre-approved by the CNMV. Since 2024, Spanish taxpayers must report overseas crypto holdings via the Modelo 721 form. Banco de España registers VASPs for AML compliance. MiCA applies from December 2024.

Zambia has no comprehensive cryptocurrency legislation. The SEC warns the public about unregulated crypto schemes and evaluates whether specific products qualify as securities. The Bank of Zambia's 2024-2027 Strategic Plan includes developing a crypto and stablecoin regulatory framework. Blockchain-based regulatory testing is underway with the SEC and BoZ.

Tax Type Capital gains
Tax Type None
Tax Rate 19-28%
Tax Rate N/A
Exchanges Yes Yes
Exchanges Yes Yes
Mining Yes Yes
Mining Yes Yes
Regulator CNMV (Comisión Nacional del Mercado de Valores), Banco de España
Regulator Bank of Zambia, Securities and Exchange Commission
Stablecoin Rules Regulated under EU MiCA framework
Stablecoin Rules No stablecoin regulation
Key Points
  • Crypto gains taxed at savings rates: 19% (first €6,000), 21%, 23%, 27%, 28% (above €300,000)
  • Modelo 721: mandatory declaration of overseas crypto holdings exceeding €50,000 (from 2024)
  • CNMV requires pre-approval of crypto advertising targeting Spanish residents
  • Banco de España maintains VASP registry for AML compliance
  • Spain has a large crypto-using population; significant expat and digital nomad community
Key Points
  • SEC warns public against unregulated cryptocurrency schemes
  • Crypto products regulated only if they meet the definition of a security
  • BoZ 2024-2027 Strategic Plan includes crypto and stablecoin regulatory framework
  • Blockchain-based regulatory testing underway with SEC and BoZ
  • Kwacha is sole legal tender for domestic transactions per 2025 Currency Directives
Sources
Sources