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Armenia vs Russia

Crypto regulation comparison

← Back to map | Armenia | Russia
Armenia

Armenia

Russia

Russia

Legal
Partially Regulated

Armenia adopted a comprehensive Law on Crypto Assets in May 2025, effective July 2025, modeled on the EU's MiCA. The Central Bank of Armenia licenses crypto service providers. Non-entrepreneur crypto gains are tax-free (0%); ECOS Free Economic Zone offers incentives for blockchain startups. Licensing enforcement begins January 2026.

Russia's crypto regulation is complex and evolving. The 2021 'On Digital Financial Assets' law recognizes crypto as property but bans its use as a means of payment. Mining was legalized and regulated in 2024 under a new mining law. Crypto is taxed as income at 13-15%. The CBR pushed for a total ban on crypto trading but was overruled by the government, which favors regulation. International sanctions have complicated Russia's crypto landscape.

Tax Type Capital gains
Tax Type Income
Tax Rate 0% (non-entrepreneur) / 10-20% (business)
Tax Rate 13-15%
Exchanges Yes Yes
Exchanges No No
Mining Yes Yes
Mining Yes Yes
Regulator Central Bank of Armenia
Regulator CBR (Central Bank of Russia), Ministry of Finance
Stablecoin Rules No specific stablecoin regulation
Stablecoin Rules Crypto payments banned; digital ruble CBDC introduced
Key Points
  • Law on Crypto Assets adopted May 2025, effective July 2025
  • Central Bank of Armenia licenses all crypto service providers
  • 0% capital gains tax for non-entrepreneur crypto transactions
  • Framework modeled on EU MiCA regulation
  • Licensing enforcement begins January 31, 2026
Key Points
  • Digital Financial Assets law (2021) recognizes crypto as property but bans use as payment
  • Crypto mining officially legalized and regulated under 2024 mining legislation
  • Crypto income taxed at 13% (up to RUB 5M) or 15% (above RUB 5M)
  • Domestic crypto exchanges not legally operating; P2P trading widespread. CBR framework Dec 2025 targeting July 2026.
  • International sanctions have increased interest in crypto for cross-border transfers
Sources
Sources