Antigua and Barbuda vs Portugal
Crypto regulation comparison
Antigua and Barbuda
Portugal
Legal
Legal
Antigua and Barbuda has introduced legislation for digital assets. No income or capital gains tax applies.
Portugal was formerly a crypto tax haven with 0% capital gains tax on crypto for individuals, but the 2023 State Budget introduced a 28% capital gains tax on crypto held for less than one year. Crypto held for over 365 days remains tax-free for individuals. Banco de Portugal registers VASPs for AML compliance, and Portugal transitions to MiCA. Portugal attracted many crypto entrepreneurs due to its previously favorable tax regime and NHR (Non-Habitual Resident) program.
Tax Type
No tax
Tax Type
Capital gains
Tax Rate
0%
Tax Rate
28%
Exchanges
Yes
Exchanges
Yes
Mining
Yes
Mining
Yes
Regulator
Eastern Caribbean Central Bank (ECCB), Financial Services Regulatory Commission
Regulator
Banco de Portugal, CMVM (Securities Market Commission)
Stablecoin Rules
No specific stablecoin regulation
Stablecoin Rules
Regulated under EU MiCA framework
Key Points
- Digital asset business legislation enacted
- No income or capital gains tax
- ECCB provides regional monetary oversight
- Government has promoted crypto-friendly policies
- Citizenship by investment program accepts crypto
Key Points
- 28% capital gains tax on crypto sold within 365 days (introduced in 2023 budget)
- Crypto held for more than 365 days is exempt from capital gains tax for individuals
- Banco de Portugal oversees VASP registration for AML/CFT compliance
- CMVM regulates crypto where classified as securities
- Former 0% tax regime attracted crypto entrepreneurs; NHR tax regime phased out in 2024