Turkmenistan vs Ukraine
Crypto regulation comparison
Turkmenistan
Ukraine
Legal
Legal
Turkmenistan enacted the Law on Virtual Assets effective January 2026, legalizing crypto exchanges and mining under Central Bank licensing. Crypto is treated as property, not legal tender.
Ukraine passed the 'On Virtual Assets' law in 2022, establishing a legal framework for crypto. The NSSMC is designated as the primary regulator for virtual assets. Crypto gained significance during the Russia-Ukraine war, with Ukraine receiving over $100 million in crypto donations. Tax rules specify 18% income tax plus 1.5% military levy on crypto gains. Full implementation of the regulatory framework has been delayed due to the ongoing conflict.
Tax Type
None
Tax Type
Capital gains
Tax Rate
N/A
Tax Rate
18% + 1.5% military levy
Exchanges
Yes
Exchanges
Yes
Mining
Yes
Mining
Yes
Regulator
Central Bank of Turkmenistan
Regulator
NSSMC (National Securities and Stock Market Commission), NBU
Stablecoin Rules
Regulated under Virtual Assets Law
Stablecoin Rules
Under development in virtual assets legislation
Key Points
- Law on Virtual Assets enacted November 2025, effective January 2026
- Crypto exchanges and mining require Central Bank licensing
- Crypto treated as property, not legal tender
- Banks prohibited from directly providing crypto services
- Low electricity costs attract mining operations
Key Points
- Virtual Assets law passed in 2022, establishing legal status for crypto
- NSSMC designated as primary regulator for virtual assets; NBU handles stablecoins
- 18% personal income tax + 1.5% military levy on crypto gains (19.5% total)
- Over $100M in crypto donations received during Russia-Ukraine war
- Full regulatory implementation delayed due to ongoing conflict