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Kazakhstan vs Norway

Crypto regulation comparison

← Back to map | Kazakhstan | Norway
Kazakhstan

Kazakhstan

Norway

Norway

Legal
Legal

Kazakhstan has a dual approach to crypto regulation. The Astana International Financial Centre (AIFC) operates as a regulated sandbox where licensed crypto exchanges can operate under AFSA supervision. Outside the AIFC, crypto regulation is more restrictive. Kazakhstan became a major mining hub after China's ban but has since tightened mining regulations.

Cryptocurrency is legal in Norway and regulated by Finanstilsynet. Norway taxes crypto capital gains at 22% and includes crypto holdings in the annual wealth tax calculation (net wealth above NOK 1.7M taxed at ~1.1%). VASPs must register with Finanstilsynet. Norway is an EEA member and aligning with MiCA through the EEA agreement.

Tax Type Capital gains
Tax Type Wealth and capital gains
Tax Rate 10%
Tax Rate 22% (gains) + 1.1% (wealth)
Exchanges Yes Yes
Exchanges Yes Yes
Mining Yes Yes
Mining Yes Yes
Regulator AFSA (Astana Financial Services Authority), NBK (National Bank of Kazakhstan)
Regulator Finanstilsynet (Financial Supervisory Authority)
Stablecoin Rules AIFC (Astana International Financial Centre) has its own framework for digital assets including stablecoins
Stablecoin Rules No specific stablecoin regulation; general financial rules apply
Key Points
  • AIFC provides a regulatory sandbox for licensed crypto exchanges and businesses
  • Mining is legal and licensed, with a specific tax on electricity consumption for miners
  • Kazakhstan became the world's second-largest Bitcoin mining country after China's 2021 ban
  • 2022 mining crackdown introduced stricter licensing and energy consumption taxes
  • Outside AIFC, domestic crypto payments and exchanges face greater restrictions
Key Points
  • Crypto capital gains taxed at 22% flat rate
  • Crypto included in wealth tax base (~1.1% on net wealth above threshold)
  • VASPs must register with Finanstilsynet and comply with AML/CFT requirements
  • Norway is a major crypto mining hub due to cheap hydroelectric power
  • EEA member; MiCA implementation expected through EEA Agreement adaptation
Sources
Sources