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Kuwait vs Kazakhstan

Crypto regulation comparison

← Back to map | Kuwait | Kazakhstan
Kuwait

Kuwait

Kazakhstan

Kazakhstan

Restricted
Legal

Kuwait has taken a restrictive approach to cryptocurrency. The Central Bank of Kuwait and the Capital Markets Authority have prohibited banks and financial institutions from processing crypto transactions. There is no licensing framework for crypto exchanges. However, owning crypto is not explicitly illegal, and there is no personal income tax in Kuwait, so no crypto-specific tax applies.

Kazakhstan has a dual approach to crypto regulation. The Astana International Financial Centre (AIFC) operates as a regulated sandbox where licensed crypto exchanges can operate under AFSA supervision. Outside the AIFC, crypto regulation is more restrictive. Kazakhstan became a major mining hub after China's ban but has since tightened mining regulations.

Tax Type None
Tax Type Capital gains
Tax Rate 0%
Tax Rate 10%
Exchanges No No
Exchanges Yes Yes
Mining Yes Yes
Mining Yes Yes
Regulator CBK (Central Bank of Kuwait), CMA
Regulator AFSA (Astana Financial Services Authority), NBK (National Bank of Kazakhstan)
Stablecoin Rules No specific stablecoin regulation
Stablecoin Rules AIFC (Astana International Financial Centre) has its own framework for digital assets including stablecoins
Key Points
  • CBK prohibits banks and financial institutions from dealing in virtual currencies
  • No licensing framework exists for crypto exchanges or VASPs
  • Personal ownership of crypto is not explicitly criminalized
  • No personal income or capital gains tax in Kuwait applies to crypto
  • CMA has warned investors about the risks of cryptocurrency
Key Points
  • AIFC provides a regulatory sandbox for licensed crypto exchanges and businesses
  • Mining is legal and licensed, with a specific tax on electricity consumption for miners
  • Kazakhstan became the world's second-largest Bitcoin mining country after China's 2021 ban
  • 2022 mining crackdown introduced stricter licensing and energy consumption taxes
  • Outside AIFC, domestic crypto payments and exchanges face greater restrictions
Sources
Sources