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Cambodia vs Kazakhstan

Crypto regulation comparison

← Back to map | Cambodia | Kazakhstan
Cambodia

Cambodia

Kazakhstan

Kazakhstan

Restricted
Legal

Cambodia has a restrictive stance on cryptocurrency. The National Bank of Cambodia prohibits banks and financial institutions from dealing in crypto, and unlicensed crypto businesses are illegal. However, the government has shown interest in blockchain technology and launched Bakong, a CBDC-like payment system.

Kazakhstan has a dual approach to crypto regulation. The Astana International Financial Centre (AIFC) operates as a regulated sandbox where licensed crypto exchanges can operate under AFSA supervision. Outside the AIFC, crypto regulation is more restrictive. Kazakhstan became a major mining hub after China's ban but has since tightened mining regulations.

Tax Type Unclear
Tax Type Capital gains
Tax Rate N/A
Tax Rate 10%
Exchanges No No
Exchanges Yes Yes
Mining Yes Yes
Mining Yes Yes
Regulator National Bank of Cambodia (NBC), SERC
Regulator AFSA (Astana Financial Services Authority), NBK (National Bank of Kazakhstan)
Stablecoin Rules Bakong (CBDC) promoted as alternative; private stablecoins not specifically regulated
Stablecoin Rules AIFC (Astana International Financial Centre) has its own framework for digital assets including stablecoins
Key Points
  • NBC issued a 2018 directive prohibiting banks from dealing in cryptocurrency
  • Unlicensed crypto exchanges and trading platforms are banned
  • Bakong digital payment system launched in 2020 using blockchain technology
  • SERC (Securities and Exchange Regulator) has discussed regulating crypto as digital assets
  • Despite restrictions, peer-to-peer crypto usage remains significant
Key Points
  • AIFC provides a regulatory sandbox for licensed crypto exchanges and businesses
  • Mining is legal and licensed, with a specific tax on electricity consumption for miners
  • Kazakhstan became the world's second-largest Bitcoin mining country after China's 2021 ban
  • 2022 mining crackdown introduced stricter licensing and energy consumption taxes
  • Outside AIFC, domestic crypto payments and exchanges face greater restrictions
Sources
Sources