Finland vs Kazakhstan
Crypto regulation comparison
Finland
Kazakhstan
Legal
Legal
Cryptocurrency is legal in Finland and well-regulated by the FIN-FSA. Crypto gains are taxed as capital income at 30% (34% for gains exceeding €30,000). Finland is one of few EU countries that has actively enforced tax compliance on crypto through data requests to exchanges.
Kazakhstan has a dual approach to crypto regulation. The Astana International Financial Centre (AIFC) operates as a regulated sandbox where licensed crypto exchanges can operate under AFSA supervision. Outside the AIFC, crypto regulation is more restrictive. Kazakhstan became a major mining hub after China's ban but has since tightened mining regulations.
Tax Type
Capital gains
Tax Type
Capital gains
Tax Rate
30-34%
Tax Rate
10%
Exchanges
Yes
Exchanges
Yes
Mining
Yes
Mining
Yes
Regulator
Finanssivalvonta (FIN-FSA)
Regulator
AFSA (Astana Financial Services Authority), NBK (National Bank of Kazakhstan)
Stablecoin Rules
Regulated under EU MiCA framework
Stablecoin Rules
AIFC (Astana International Financial Centre) has its own framework for digital assets including stablecoins
Key Points
- Crypto capital gains taxed at 30% (34% for gains over €30,000 per year)
- FIN-FSA registers and supervises virtual currency providers under AML law
- Finnish Tax Administration actively sends letters to crypto holders based on exchange data
- Losses on crypto can be deducted from capital gains
- MiCA framework applicable from December 2024
Key Points
- AIFC provides a regulatory sandbox for licensed crypto exchanges and businesses
- Mining is legal and licensed, with a specific tax on electricity consumption for miners
- Kazakhstan became the world's second-largest Bitcoin mining country after China's 2021 ban
- 2022 mining crackdown introduced stricter licensing and energy consumption taxes
- Outside AIFC, domestic crypto payments and exchanges face greater restrictions