Estonia vs Mongolia
Crypto regulation comparison
Estonia
Mongolia
Legal
Legal
Estonia was an early mover in crypto regulation, offering licenses since 2017. However, a 2022 overhaul significantly tightened requirements, revoking hundreds of licenses and imposing stricter capital and compliance standards. Crypto gains are taxed at 20% (rising to 22% from 2025).
Mongolia adopted the Law on Virtual Asset Service Providers (VPSP) in December 2021, establishing a comprehensive regulatory framework. The Financial Regulatory Commission (FRC) registers and supervises crypto exchanges. Over 12 licensed exchanges serve 850,000+ customers. Crypto mining is legal and growing, with tax incentives for renewable energy use.
Tax Type
Capital gains
Tax Type
Income
Tax Rate
20-22%
Tax Rate
10-25%
Exchanges
Yes
Exchanges
Yes
Mining
Yes
Mining
Yes
Regulator
Finantsinspektsioon (EFSA), Rahapesu Andmebüroo (FIU)
Regulator
Financial Regulatory Commission (FRC) of Mongolia
Stablecoin Rules
Regulated under EU MiCA framework
Stablecoin Rules
No specific stablecoin regulation
Key Points
- Estonia issued crypto licenses since 2017 but drastically tightened rules in 2022
- Hundreds of crypto licenses were revoked in 2020-2022 due to AML concerns
- New requirements include higher share capital (€100,000-€250,000) and local management
- Crypto gains taxed at 20% personal income tax (22% from 2025)
- MiCA framework applicable from December 2024
Key Points
- Law on Virtual Asset Service Providers (VPSP) adopted December 2021
- FRC registers and supervises crypto exchanges under VPSP law
- Over 12 licensed exchanges serving 850,000+ customers
- Crypto exchange income is taxable and exempt from VAT
- Mongolia launched blockchain-based OTC securities trading in 2025