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Botswana vs Turkmenistan

Crypto regulation comparison

← Back to map | Botswana | Turkmenistan
Botswana

Botswana

Turkmenistan

Turkmenistan

Legal
Legal

Botswana passed the Virtual Assets Act in 2022, first African country to issue crypto licenses. NBFIRA supervises VASPs. 4 licensed entities as of 2024. Penalties up to P250,000 or 5 years imprisonment.

Turkmenistan enacted the Law on Virtual Assets effective January 2026, legalizing crypto exchanges and mining under Central Bank licensing. Crypto is treated as property, not legal tender.

Tax Type None
Tax Type None
Tax Rate N/A
Tax Rate N/A
Exchanges Yes Yes
Exchanges Yes Yes
Mining Yes Yes
Mining Yes Yes
Regulator Non-Bank Financial Institutions Regulatory Authority (NBFIRA)
Regulator Central Bank of Turkmenistan
Stablecoin Rules No stablecoin regulation
Stablecoin Rules Regulated under Virtual Assets Law
Key Points
  • Virtual Assets Act enacted in 2022, effective Feb 22, 2022
  • First African country to issue crypto licenses via NBFIRA
  • 4 licensed VASPs as of December 2024
  • Bank of Botswana assesses domestic crypto risks as minimal
  • Unregistered crypto dealers face fines up to P250,000 or imprisonment
Key Points
  • Law on Virtual Assets enacted November 2025, effective January 2026
  • Crypto exchanges and mining require Central Bank licensing
  • Crypto treated as property, not legal tender
  • Banks prohibited from directly providing crypto services
  • Low electricity costs attract mining operations
Sources
Sources