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Belgium vs Kazakhstan

Crypto regulation comparison

← Back to map | Belgium | Kazakhstan
Belgium

Belgium

Kazakhstan

Kazakhstan

Legal
Legal

Cryptocurrency is legal in Belgium and regulated under the EU's MiCA framework. Tax treatment depends on whether gains are considered normal management of private assets (tax-free), speculative (33% misc income), or professional income (progressive rates). The FSMA has banned distribution of crypto derivatives to consumers.

Kazakhstan has a dual approach to crypto regulation. The Astana International Financial Centre (AIFC) operates as a regulated sandbox where licensed crypto exchanges can operate under AFSA supervision. Outside the AIFC, crypto regulation is more restrictive. Kazakhstan became a major mining hub after China's ban but has since tightened mining regulations.

Tax Type Varies
Tax Type Capital gains
Tax Rate 0-33%
Tax Rate 10%
Exchanges Yes Yes
Exchanges Yes Yes
Mining Yes Yes
Mining Yes Yes
Regulator FSMA (Financial Services and Markets Authority)
Regulator AFSA (Astana Financial Services Authority), NBK (National Bank of Kazakhstan)
Stablecoin Rules Regulated under EU MiCA framework
Stablecoin Rules AIFC (Astana International Financial Centre) has its own framework for digital assets including stablecoins
Key Points
  • Tax treatment depends on classification: normal portfolio management (0%), speculation (33%), or professional (up to 50%)
  • FSMA banned advertising of crypto derivatives and certain crypto products to consumers in 2022
  • VASPs must register with FSMA and comply with AML/KYC requirements
  • MiCA regulation fully applicable from December 2024
  • Belgium has a relatively active crypto community and blockchain ecosystem
Key Points
  • AIFC provides a regulatory sandbox for licensed crypto exchanges and businesses
  • Mining is legal and licensed, with a specific tax on electricity consumption for miners
  • Kazakhstan became the world's second-largest Bitcoin mining country after China's 2021 ban
  • 2022 mining crackdown introduced stricter licensing and energy consumption taxes
  • Outside AIFC, domestic crypto payments and exchanges face greater restrictions
Sources
Sources
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