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United Arab Emirates vs Romania

Crypto regulation comparison

← Back to map | United Arab Emirates | Romania
United Arab Emirates

United Arab Emirates

Romania

Romania

Legal
Legal

The UAE has become a global crypto hub with multiple regulatory frameworks. Dubai's VARA (Virtual Assets Regulatory Authority), established in 2022, is the world's first dedicated crypto regulator and licenses exchanges, brokers, and other VASPs. Abu Dhabi's ADGM regulates crypto through the FSRA. The federal SCA also oversees crypto at the national level. The UAE has no personal income or capital gains tax. Major global exchanges (Binance, Bybit, OKX, Crypto.com) have obtained UAE licenses.

Cryptocurrency is legal in Romania. Crypto gains are taxed at 10% as 'income from other sources' under the fiscal code. VASPs must register with the relevant authorities for AML compliance. Romania has a growing crypto community and is transitioning to the EU MiCA framework.

Tax Type None
Tax Type Capital gains
Tax Rate 0%
Tax Rate 10%
Exchanges Yes Yes
Exchanges Yes Yes
Mining Yes Yes
Mining Yes Yes
Regulator VARA (Dubai), ADGM/FSRA (Abu Dhabi), SCA (Federal), CBUAE
Regulator ASF (Autoritatea de Supraveghere Financiară), BNR (National Bank of Romania)
Stablecoin Rules VARA regulates stablecoins in Dubai; ADGM has separate framework
Stablecoin Rules Regulated under EU MiCA framework
Key Points
  • VARA (Dubai) — world's first standalone virtual asset regulator; comprehensive licensing framework
  • ADGM/FSRA (Abu Dhabi) — separate regulatory framework for digital assets in the financial free zone
  • No personal income tax or capital gains tax in the UAE
  • 9% corporate tax (from 2023) may apply to crypto businesses but not individual investors
  • Major exchanges licensed: Binance, Bybit, OKX, Crypto.com, BitOasis
Key Points
  • Crypto gains taxed at 10% as 'income from other sources' under Article 114 Fiscal Code
  • Annual gains up to RON 600 (~EUR 120) exempt from tax per Article 116 Fiscal Code
  • VASPs must register for AML/CFT compliance
  • ASF oversees financial market conduct; BNR handles monetary policy
  • MiCA framework applicable from December 2024
Sources
Sources